Batteries

Batteries are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. They consist of one or more electrochemical cells, where each cell contains two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) and an electrolyte that facilitates the flow of ions. When a battery is connected to an electrical circuit, a chemical reaction occurs that generates a flow of electric current, which can power electronic devices, vehicles, and a wide range of applications. Batteries can be classified into primary batteries, which are non-rechargeable, and secondary batteries, which are rechargeable. Common types of batteries include alkaline, lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, and lead-acid. The efficiency, capacity, and voltage output of a battery depend on its chemical composition and design. Batteries are essential components in modern technology, providing portable energy storage for everything from handheld gadgets to electric vehicles.